With peroxide
Peroxide-based teeth whitening products: Safety concerns. The standard for at-home teeth whitening: Dentist dispensed and supervised tray-based teeth whitening using 10% carbamide peroxide.
Dentist dispensed and supervised tray-based at-home teeth whitening using 10% carbamide peroxide first became popular and a widely utilized technique in the early 1990′s. Since then numerous published case studies and clinical trials have established the effectiveness and safety of this technique and this type of whitening product. It is research into tray-based teeth whitening using 10% carbamide peroxide that is the source of the information found here on our whitener safety pages.
Safety issues related to hydrogen peroxide and free radicals. The relationship between peroxide teeth whitening products and free radicals.
A concern associated with the use of peroxide-based teeth whitening products is related to the presence (or creation) of hydrogen peroxide and the fact that hydrogen peroxide produces “free radicals”. A free radical can be thought of as a fragment of a molecule. These fragments are very reactive because they actively seek to reconnect with their missing parts. Free radicals have been implicated in various stages of cancer formation. Additionally the oxidative damage they can cause to biological molecules may be associated with aging, strokes, and other degenerative diseases.
First off, as bad as the presence of hydrogen peroxide in our bodies might sound this compound does in fact play an important role in normal metabolism. The human liver produces on the order of about 6.5 grams of hydrogen peroxide per day. Hydrogen peroxide is also a by-product of the metabolism of oxygen and therefore is even a component of our breath. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in our body’s defenses against bacteria and viruses.
Research into this topic has largely diminished concerns about the presence of hydrogen peroxide in teeth whitening products. Of primary consideration here is the fact that the hydrogen peroxide exposure from whiteners is limited to the oral environment. It is not known to produce a systemic effect.
The reasons for this is that many of the enzymes our bodies create to protect us from the effects of hydrogen peroxide exist in saliva. Studies have estimated that a tray-based whitening technique utilizing 10% carbamide peroxide as the whitener will produce a dosing of 3.5 mg of hydrogen peroxide. It’s been calculated that the enzymes found in the oral cavity are capable of decomposing more than 29 mg of hydrogen peroxide each minute.`
While no study involving carbamide peroxide has shown evidence of initiation of cancer formation by the hydrogen peroxide it produces, some studies do suggest that the presence of hydrogen peroxide can enhance the action of known carcinogens. One study specifically felt it had found evidence that hydrogen peroxide promoted the effect of one of the carcinogens found in cigarette smoke. For this reason it is advised that a person should refrain from smoking while they perform bleaching treatments.
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